AIOU Teaching Practice II Lesson Plans 6555 Physics

AIOU Teaching Practice II Lesson Plans 6555 Physics LESSON PLAN (PHYSICS)

LESSON PLAN 01                                                                                 

MAGNETS

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Content

Key Vocabulary: attract, repel, north and south poles, predict, force field, visible, invisible

Goals and Aim

1. Using the bar magnets, experiment putting north and south poles together, see where they attract and where they repel
2. Predict and test which part of the magnet is the strongest : north, middle or south
3. Study three different magnets, predict and test which is the strongest.
4. Students will learn about Invisible/Visible force fields
5. Students will participate in discussion
6. Students will cooperate and work together in a group setting

Objectives

1. Students will demonstrate an understanding of north and south poles by predicting and testing magnets
2. Students will demonstrate an understanding of prediction
3. Students will co-operate and work together
4. Students will demonsrate their understanding of force fields by filling in their work sheets, and completing the activity
5. Students will participate by answering questions, and making observations
6. Students will demonstrate working cooperatively in groups by sharing materials

Materials

– bar magnets

– paper clips

Procedures

1. Introduction-

Draw upon and reflect on previous knowledge of magnets from previous lessons and from previous centers they have just visited. Introduce opposites and like sides and how they relate to magnets.

This center will focus on looking at the invisible force field that magnets have around them. You can feel the force when you hold a steel object close to a magnet and try to pull it away. The force becomes weaker when you hold the object further away.

1. Development-

Have the students divide into two groups, one group will work on attraction and repelling activity, the other group will work on the magnet strength activity. Have the groups switch once they are each complete.

In the small group, demonstrate how magnets pull together. Have the students pass around magnets so they can feel and understand the pull for themselves.

1. Practice-

Have the students make predictions as a group before they start the activity.

Demonstrate how each activity is done before they begin.

As a group, their will be a demonstration of putting two magnets a little bit apart underneath a white piece of paper. Then add iron filings on top so the students can observe how the magnets will pull together, and the iron filings will show the force field. this experiment makes the invisible force field become visible to the students.

1. Independent Practice-

Students will complete each activity and fill in the sections of their worksheet that correspond to the activity

Students will also write and reflect something new they learned in their magnet journals

Students will be able to try putting the iron filings on the paper to observe the force field for themselves.
They will then fill out the corresponding worksheet, and write what they have learned in their magnet journals.

1. Checking for understanding-

Have a group discussion based on their results and predictions of each activity. Check the students work sheets to see that they have filled out all the information. Check to see each student has written in their magnet journals

1. Closure-

Discuss as a group what new things they learned about magnets before they move on to the next center.

Discuss as a group what new things they have learned about magnets, both at this magnet center and from previous lessons

Evaluation-

Check each students worksheets for accuracy, and check the students journals to see their progress and to check to see that they have a grasp on the concepts.

Check each students work sheets to see that they are completed and are accurate and check their journals to see that they are reflecting on what they have learned, and that they understand the concepts.

Reflection-

As a teacher I needed to control the noise level and disturbances from students better. Some of the magnets broke from a result of students not using the magnets appropriately, next time I should monitor the students and make sure they know how to use the magnets appropriately so this does not happen. Also when I first ran this station I did not explain the activities before separating them into groups which caused confusion, I fixed this for the next group. Overall the station ran smoothly and the students seemed to enjoy both activities.

This center was more group focused, and all the students were together cooperatively and participated in discussion.

Overall, the students seemed to enjoy this magnet center, and seemed to take away the main concepts..

LESSON PLAN 02                                                                                 

MOTION, FORCES AND ENERGY, GRAVITY AND WEIGHT

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

Energy charge in matter, conductors, and insulators. Thermodynamics – Heat Transfer

positive, negative, and neutrally charged particles: ( protons,electrons, and neutrons.) A good conductor and a bad conductor.

Objects move when they change position.

Understanding Distance, Speed, and Time Relationships

Vocabulary: Distance vs. Time Graph

Vocabulary:
Frame of Reference

Motion
Distance
Speed
Constant Speed

Average Speed

Force
Friction
Mass and Force

Calculating Acceleration Due to gravity

Weight
Gravity
Inertia

In this section the basic idea of motion is explored. This section characterizes motions in to four basic types: translational, circular, projectile, and rotational. Also, a key point is to understand motion diagrams and be able to make them. These diagrams are the beginning foundation understanding motion. The graph is a display of the displacement of an object at constant time interval. Then in section two we transfer the motion diagram to a particle model. These are exactly the same graphs, but the object is now represented in a simpler form of a particle. In the third section we translate the particle diagram to a position versus time graph. On the x-axis we have displacement of the car in meters or another SI Unit. In the y-axis we have time which is show in seconds. In section four we then transfer the position-time graph to a velocity-time graph. To form the velocity time graph you determine the slope of the line in the position-time graph. This is done by (R2-R1)/(T2-T1)= velocity (meters/seconds).

Goals and Aim

1. Students will increase their understanding of how an object moves from a level of not knowing to a level of understanding the vocabulary.
2. Students will increase their understanding of how an object gains speed from a level of not knowing to a level of understanding.
3. Understanding aspects of Motion
4. Relating the principles of MOTION to everyday life with relative connections.
5. To work out Force due to Gravity
6. To Know the difference between weight and mass.

Objectives

1.Discuss how forces: gravity and friction cause acceleration.

2.Define vocabulary.

3. Utilize technology to enhance learning.

4. Find out how to calculate speed.

5. Identify and describe situations with constant rates of change and compare them

6. Make and test predictions about step sizes and finish times.

Materials

Projector
Notes Handout

DVD from Book “Lesson 1 Motion, Forces and Energy”, Smart Board, and United Streaming clips

Procedures

1. Introduction-

To introduce this activity, ask two student volunteers to stand in front of the classroom to physically demonstrate and discuss the results of each of the following scenarios:

1. Scenario #1: Two students start from the same position at one end of the classroom. One student takes giant-steps while the other takes baby-steps. Each student takes one step per second. Who gets to the other end of the classroom first? How many steps are taken? Discuss the results.
2. Scenario #2. One student starts behind the other at the same end of the classroom, both walking with equal stride and pace. Each student takes one step per second. Who gets to the other end of the classroom first? How many steps does each student take? Discuss the results. Ask students to predict the effect of changing the length of stride.
3. Instruct students that they will use Gizmos to learn about the relationship between distance and time.

1.DVD Ch. 12 Lesson 1 Motion, Forces and Energy

2.Write Vocabulary for Lesson 1

3.Discovery Education clips on forces, motion and energy

4. In their notebooks, try their best to explain their walk from their last class to my class.

5.Share/Post on board

Weight and Force:

1. Why does everything fall down and what is mass?
2. What is gravity?
3. How much do you weigh? (force)
4. Development-
5. Distribute Gizmo handout to each group of students
6. Tell students that they will take turns using Gizmos.
7. Students will work in groups of two. One will be the mouse driver and the other the reader/recorder for the group.
8. The “Mouse Driver” controls the action of the mouse and movement on the computer screen.
9. The “Reader/Recorder” will read the directions from the activity sheet and record observations while guiding the activity.
10. Partners should switch roles until all have moved the runner.

Part 2:

1. Demonstrate how to measure the speed of a marble.
2. Video game connections
3. Airplane connections

Part 3:

MASS!!!!
1. All objects have mass.

What is mass?

what is it measured in?

FORCE!!!!
2. Changes motion.

Size of acceleration depends on size of force.

Doubling force does what to acceleration

Doubling mass does what to acceleration.

Show equation force = mass x acceleration (f = ma), say what each is measured in.

GRAVITY!!!!
3. Change in weight due to gravity acceleration. Gravity is attractive. The bigger the mass stronger attraction.
Earth is big enough to notice gravity (falling) Weight is the force from f = ma where a is the acceleration due to gravity.

1. Practice-
2. Students will measure the speed of a marble by measuring the speed of a marble 10 times.
   2. Allow students to explore the Gizmo by moving and pressing any buttons.
   3. Begin the lesson with the Gizmo Warm-up Activity
   4. Give examples using f = ma, changing all three concepts
3. Independent Practice-
4. Students will take notes on vocabulary.
   2. Students will write a paragraph on coyote comparing how energy is like him.
   3. Activity A- Learning about the runner’s position
   4. Activity B – Learning about the runner’s direction and speed
   5. Activity C – Learning about how to use two runners and two graphs
5. Accommodations (Differentiated Instruction)-
6. Students who need visual accommodations will sit in the front.
   2. Students with learning disabilities will have text book high lighted and shortened assignments.
   3. Classic note taking
   4. Descriptions through illustrations on the board
   5. Video clip
7. Checking for understanding-
8. Discuss Vocabulary
   2. Quiz on the clips
   3. Discuss results of calculating marble speeds.
   4. Active and fluid discussion in “their own words” regarding what was taught.
   5. Questions or tasks that encourage students to reflect on their work
   6. Worksheet questions and answers.
9. Closure-
10. Tell a Native American tale of how coyote changes forms as he wishes in order to be another animal as a trickster. Students will relate the coyote to energy.
    2. Ask students what was learned in class
    3. Students reflect on their work

Evaluation-

1. Quiz on Discovery Education clips.
   2.Paragraph rubric.
   3.How were students able to use Gizmo
   4. What problems were encountered

LESSON PLAN 03                                                                                 

ACCELERATION

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

LESSON PLAN 04                                                                                 

PARTICLE COLLISION, FOUCAULT PENDULUM AND THE CORIOLIS EFFECT

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

Light speed.
Hydrogen and oxygen
electromagnetism

Presentation, exercises and report on subjects

Goals and Aim

1. Students will know light speed
   2. They will know what H and O2 is
   3. The students will understand electomagnetism
   4. Inform about subjects
   5. Achieve greater understanding of the Earth’s movement and how it effects us
   6. Inform about practical uses of these theories

Objectives

1. Explain light speed and its significance
   2. Explain H and O2
   3. Explain electromagnetism
   4. A good grade in Physics
   5. Give a clear and interesting presentation
   6. Be concise and professional during the lesson

Materials

Beamer, laptop, handouts, blackboard

Procedures

1. Introduction-

1.This is light speed-299 792 458 m / s
2. H= hydrogen and O2 is 2 parts hydrogen or water
3.energy through magnetic and electric energy
4. How does Earth rotate?
5. What is the Coriolis Effect and how can you experience it?
6. Any formulas adjacent to it

1. Development-
2. Draw on the board what each is
   2. Introducing the concept of the Foucault Pendulum and Foucault himself
   3. Short video of the pendulum and the Earth moving together
   4. Diagrams and formulas for both concepts
3. Practice-
4. Have the students discuss pros and cons of theory
   2. Explanation of practical uses of the Coriolis Effect and Foucault’s pendulum
   3. Simple, logical examples of exercises
5. Independent Practice-
6. Have the students write down thoughts
   2. Have the students draw a model particle collider
   3. More individual exercises (not many, maybe just 2-3, but enough to test if anybody actually paid attention)
7. Closure-
8. Assign home work for the students to research particle collision.
   2. Conclusion: what they must remember from the lesson
   3. Thank students for participation

LESSON PLAN 05                                                                                 

ROTATIONAL MOTION AND VECTORS

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

In this lesson students will learn the basics about vectors, how to compute the coordinates of vectors, and how to add vectors. Students will create their own area problems involving vector addition and solve them.
Vocabulary:
Vector
Scalar
Magnitude
Displacement
Line Segment
Resultan
tCentripetal Force
Angular Momentum Conservation
Precession

Goals and Aim

1. Students will understand the physical components and differences of vectors and scalars
   2. Students will be able to graph and compute physics problems and components into vector representation.
   3. Studentswill understand that if you apply force to an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion causes the object, the object will change directions; but not necessarily speed.
   4. Students can explain that circular motion requires repeated or constant force focused towards the dcenter of the circle.
   5. Students can calculate centripetal acceleration using the following equation: a = v2 / r.

Objectives

1.Students will use equations and calculators to determine the tension in a swinging pendulum
2. Students will listen to and discuss Angular momentum concepts presented to them
3. Students will apply conservation of angular momentum to examples of rotating objects.
4. Students will use graphs to understand vector components.
5. Students will use graphs to understand the resultant of multiple vectors.

Materials

Laptop with YouTube access
Projector
Calculators
YouTube for video
Graphing Paper
Colored Pencils
Rulers

Procedures

1. Introduction-
2. Students watch YouTube video of Steve Trotter pendulum swing stunt.
3. Development-
4. Students copy the picture down in their notes and record given parameters.
   2. Teacher presents definitions of Angular momentum and conservation law.
   3. Teacher demonstrates examples of angular momentum and precession
5. Practice-
6. Students Calculate tension support required by the cable.
   2. Student discuss why the stunt failed.
   3. Students predict what will happen with each angular momentum demonstration.
7. Independent Practice-
8. Students will complete a problem from their homework at end of class.
9. Accommodations (Differentiated Instruction)-
10. Material is presented on the overhead and is posted online for their review outside of class.
11. Checking for understanding-
12. Students will share out answers to angular momentum demonstrations.
13. Closure-
14. Students complete problems from the textbook.

Evaluation-

1. Students will be able to complete problem set from textbook.

LESSON PLAN 06                                                                                 

SOUND VIBRATIONS AND RESONANCE

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

Vocabulary Words:

Sound, Vibrations, Frequency, Pitch, Tension, Volume, Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength, Pitch, Vibration, Resonance, Longitudinal

Goals and Aim

1. Learn ow tension affects pitch.
   2. Learn how instruments use tension to create pitch.
   3. Learn how to manipulate pitch using tension.
   4. The learner will conduct investigations and use appropriate technology to build an understanding of the concepts of sound.

Objectives

1. To introduce the idea of Resonance
   2. To control a class for a demonstration/ half a lesson
   3. Students will learn to explain the dynamics of the pitch of a sound and its rate of vibration from the source. They will also factor how that affects pitch.

Materials

Science materials from Good Vibrations Unit kits, document camera, Balloons, CD player with a variety of music, Soundbox with sub, strobe, amp, frequency generator, stemmed glass, ping pong balls

Procedures

1. Introduction-
2. 5 min. On doc camera, write the definition of Pitch, Frequency, Kalimba, Xylophone, and Tension for students to copy in notebooks.
   2. 2 min. On doc camera, display pre-observation inquiries asking about the factors of pitch and facilitate class discussion.
   3. 1 min. Have 2 students pull on 1 student standing in middle= TENSION= force of pull on opposite sides
   4. Students will be able to see vibrations using a balloon.

Whiteboards. Questions to recall knowledge about sound.
Draw a wave. Label it’s amplitude and wavelength.

1. Development-
2. 1 min. Show equipment.
   2. 3 min. Explain how to set up/use equipment.
   3. Choose STARTER for each group. Role is to ensure everyone gets to try equipment.
   4. 1 min. Introduce 2 student observation sheets and distribute.
   5. I distribute one miniactivity. 10-15 min later, I distribute the second.

Give each student a balloon. Play different music so the students can feel the vibrations using the balloon. Questions students as to who can feel the vibrations and how well. Try different volumes and see if that makes a difference for the children. Ask them to draw a conclusion about vibrations and volume.

Version 2: Begin with questions, ‘How are sounds made?’ If unsure, get the pupils to hum and ask what they feel. Vibrations is the key answer ‘What mediums can sound travel through?’
Begin demonstration of singing stemmed glass explaining things can vibrate. Explain you can see these vibrations. Set up the experiment with a strobe. Tune into the resonant frequency at 641Hz. Show the the class the slow motion vibrations explaining that this is the key frequency, the ‘resonant’ frequency. Increase/decrease the frequency to show it’s peak frequency. Show how amplitude affects it. Make the glass break.

1. Practice-
2. 10-15 min. STARTERS start miniactivities. RECORD observations on appropriate observation sheet.
   2. 10-15 min. I distribute second miniactivity equipment. They RECORD observation on second observation sheet.
   3. End. Return to desks. Share observations/ pose processing questions.

Allow the children to move around the room while the music is playing to feel the different vibrations. They can also talk to the balloons and feel the vibrations in the balloons.

Version 2:

Allow pupils to have a go at making the stemmed glass sing.

1. Independent Practice-
2. Distribute STUDENT RESPONSE SHEET for individual homework.
   2.Have students write a summary of their observations.
3. Accommodations (Differentiated Instruction)-
4. Accelerated Learners: Students draw original instrument that makes high pitch or low pitch. An instrument that does not yet exist. Label/write factors that affect the pitch.
   2. Sight Impaired: Verbal presentation/ explanations, provide manipulative tools to touch.
   3. Hearing Impaired: Doc camera projection, provide written handouts
   4. Learning Disability: I walk about & support students struggling, students receive extra support from working in groups.
   5. Students who have a more difficult time writing can illustrate or write less. Students who want a challenge: Did the vibrations feel any different when the pitch changed?
5. Checking for understanding-
6. I’m using the STUDENT RESPONSE SHEET as homework.
   2. I can use inquiries for academic feedback to check for understanding at the intro of the following Science lesson.
   3. Students will share summaries with partners, then share with class.
7. Closure-
8. Students place observations in blue folders and clear desk.
   2. Allow time to ask questions about the homework.
   3. Students will use mix pair share to tell what they learned about vibrations and volume.

Evaluation-

1. Measure of behavior (How many disruptions)
   2. How interested
   3. Were there many questions?
   4. How successful was the plenary? (Could they answer the questions easily)
   5. Evaluation will be teacher observation and teacher reading students’ summaries.

Reflection-

Version 1 and 2 of the lesson went well with different class. I feel that version 2 of the lesson is more for a very hands on group of students. Version 1 is more for your cerebral student groups.

LESSON PLAN 07                                                                                 

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICITY

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

Static Electricity
Static, Electricity, Atom, Electron, Proton, Neutron, imbalance, induce, attract, repel
Emphasis on ESL/ELD/Special need students

Goals and Aim

Students will be able to:
1. Explain what causes static electricity
2. Describe the action between charges

Objectives

Students will be able to:
1. Explain what causes static electricity
2. Describe the action between charges

Materials

Plastic objects, Styrofoam, bits of paper, balloons, sticky notes, markers, electroscope

Procedures

1. Introduction-
2. Static electricity in nature
   2. Conditions that favour static
   3. Atomic theory: Protons [+], Elelctrons [-], neutrons [no charge]
3. Development-
4. Atomic theory:
   – electrons in motion
   – how objects are charged statically
   – why some objects cannot be charged
   2. Charging by contact & induction
   3. Demonstrate:
   – Like charges repel
   – Unlike charges attract
   Using Balloons, electroscope, plastic pen and sweater
5. Practice-

1.Role play as charged particles [ electrons moving like bees around the hive]
2. action between charges – attraction and repulsion.

1. Independent Practice-
2. Reading comprehension
   2. charging by contact and by induction
3. Accommodations (Differentiated Instruction)-
4. Focus on new words
   2. Using the words in a sentence
   3. Reading / writing and Math
5. Checking for understanding-
6. Did the student follow directions?
   2. Did the student participate in activities?
   3. To what extent was the participation?
   4. Did they record their observations and results in their journals.
   Rubric
   4=followed directions,active participation, recorded all information requested. 3=followed directions, some participation, recorded most of the information requested.
   2=followed most of the directions, little participation, recorded some information.
   1=followed some directions, very little participation, recorded little information.
   0=nothing done.
7. Closure-

1.Is Static a good / bad
2. Are there any uses?
3. Do you have any questions

LESSON PLAN 08                                                                                 

THERMODYNAMICS – HEAT TRANSFER

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

Energy charge in matter, conductors, and insulators. Thermodynamics – Heat Transfer

positive, negative, and neutrally charged particles: ( protons,electrons, and neutrons.) A good conductor and a bad conductor.

Goals and Aim

1. Teach my class the differently charged particle terms and meanings.
   2. Teach my class that all substances can be arranged to conduct electric charge.
   3. Teach the difference between conductors and insulators.
   4. Students should be able to know how the ice cream was made by the transfer of heat.
   5. Students should know the definition of heat transfer and how it was appiled to the activity.
   6. Students should be able to evaluate there results and why making the ice cream worked and why it didn’t (if that was the result).

Objectives

1. Ask class if they know the different types of electric charge and the terms. Also, ask if they know what the differnce is between a conductor and an insulator is.
   2. Demonstrate a lesson on the powerpoint slides
   3. Hand out a work sheet, then quiz, then homework to each student.
   4. To teach the students about heat transfer.
   2. To help students to understand a part of physics in a simple and easy way.

Materials

Power point presentation, worksheet, quiz, and homework sheet with correct answer keys.

For Demo:

1. Sandwich and gallon baggies
   2. 1/2 cup of milk
   3. 1 tbsp of sugar
   4. 1 tsp of vanilla extract
   5. 6 tbsp of salt
   6. 2 cups of ice (about to tray full)
   7. Plastic cups
   8. Spoons
   9. Green food coloring

Procedures

1. Introduction-

1.Electric charge (protons, neutrons, and electrons.)
2.Like charges attract opposite charges repel.
3.The difference between a Conductor and an Insulator.

1. Development-

1.Power point presentation slides which vary.
2.Provide the class with valid explanations on why and how this topic occurs in everyday life.

1. Practice-

1.Hand out worksheet.

1. Independent Practice-

1.Hand out home work.

1. Accommodations (Differentiated Instruction)-

1.Give a pop quiz on everything i taught during the class.

1. Checking for understanding-

1.Go over the pop quiz providing help with any questions the students got wrong and giving them the correct answers.

1. Closure-

1.End with a conclusion on the topic while introducing to them what the next topic has to do with.

Evaluation-

1.Make a mean score of the classes quiz grade.
2. Students will answer a question at the end of the activity to explain what happened and what they learned.

Reflection-

See what needs to be more closely concentraded on during the next lesson.

LESSON PLAN 09                                                                                 

WAVES AND WAVELIKE MOTION

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Content

Students will utilize props to demonstrate the different types of waves and wave motion, as well as the specific properties of waves.
Vocabulary:
-Wave
-Transverse/Light Wave
-Longitudinal/Sound Waves
Light Waves
Sound Waves
Energy

Goals and Aim

1.To Show that sound waves have energy.
2.To Show that light waves have energy.
3.That light and sound wave change with different materials.
4. Understand what a wave is.
5. Be able to distinguish between a transverse and longitudinal wave.
6. Understand how waves travel.
7. To review the two types of waves above.
8.To teach the natural effects of these waves

Objectives

Be able to demonstrate the understanding and evaluate evidence of how light, sound and other waves have energy. Students will also be able to explain how these sources can and do interact with different materials.

1.To emphasize the difference of the nature of the waves.
2.To familiarize the children with the theoretical and realistic aspects of the waves

Materials

White boards, markers, hex nut, balloon, index card, rubber band, foam pieces, string,craft sticks, scissors, laser, glow sticks, Textbook,Dry-erase board,and poster-size photo visuals.

Procedures

1. Introduction-

1.Review of key terms of light and sound waves
2.Share ideas with partners.
3. Will beginning by reviewing the two types of waves learned last lesson.

1. Development-

1.Use Question and Answer to retrieve information from students.
2.Create Notes to review from the Q and A.
3.Teach new lesson off of last lessons notes.
4.Show sound waves in a balloon with hex nut and then with penny.

1. Practice-

1.Make Noise creating buzzer – show example
2. Have the children read from book and discuss what the information means to them.
3. Dicuss any questions that arise for the benefit of all.

1. Independent Practice-
2. With partner,make own noise buzzer
3. Accommodations (Differentiated Instruction)-

1.Some students kits will already be partially assembled.
2.Some students will not have to write out the response questions. They will have to answer yes or no.

1. Checking for understanding-

1.On sticky notes have them write what sound waves are.
2. Asks various students to model thier thinking as to how they arrived at the differences of displayed wave visuals.
3. Prepare for test by giving students worksheets that cover the material on the test.
4. Use test as assessment in the following lesson.

1. Closure-
2. Introduce Light waves, turn out lights and have them break glow sticks.
   2. Shine laser
   3 1.Study and review notes
   4. Do not allow yourself to get confused.Use my notes and the textbook for guidance.

Evaluation-

1. Introduce Light waves, turn out lights and have them break glow sticks.
   2. Shine laser
   3 1.Study and review notes
   4. Do not allow yourself to get confused.Use my notes and the textbook for guidance.

Reflection-

I Think that the children learn better with visuals, so I use them a lot. I get much feedback reporting that that image you drew really helped. I think that all the children will be able to master the upcoming test with my lecture notes, visuals, assigned study pages, and the refreshment of today.

LESSON PLAN 10                                                                                 

THE PENDULUM

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

Objectives:
To introduce the concept of vibratory and periodic motion and relate it to the movement of a pendulum.  To discover that the period of a pendulum is dependent on the length of the pendulum and independent of the bob and the amplitude.

Materials needed:

Each group needs a stop watch and pendulum with a different bob. Materials for pendulum string bob – infant stacking rings provide colorful bobs of different sizes and mass right angle clamp ringstand rod For class graphs – two pieces of end roll paper approximately 21/2 meters long, a meter stick, markers and masking tape
Strategy:
Begin the class period with a discussion of what the students think periodic motion is.  After a few minutes, bring out a pendulum from behind the lab table and use it as an example of periodic motion.  Point out its various parts – bob, length, pivot point.  Demonstrate what is meant by period and amplitude.  Spend a few minutes discussing the accuracy of measuring a single period.  The students should realize that timing how long it takes for ten cycles and dividing by 10 will lessen the effects of reaction time and result in a more accurate measurement of the period. Break up the class into groups.  Each group is given a pendulum with a different bob but all pendulums are 1 meter in length.  (A different option would be to have the students construct their own pendulums 1 meter in length.  If doing so,make sure to discuss that the length of the pendulum is measured from the pivot
point to the center of gravity of the pendulum bob.)  Each group is to find the period of their pendulum by timing it for 10 cycles and using an amplitude of 10 cm.  After doing so, they are to experiment with other amplitudes (5 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, etc.) to determine if the amplitude effects the period.  All groups record their data in the class data table on the board under the following headings: Color of bob, Time for 10 cycles, Period, Effect of changing the amplitude. When all groups have recorded their data, call the class together for a discussion of the results.  It should be apparent that the shape and mass of the bob and the amplitude have no effect on the period.  Small differences can be explained by experimental error.  If the students are not sure that the rings are actually different masses, bring out a scale and prove it.  If you are using infant stacking rings, there will be about a 50% difference between the largest and smallest ring’s mass. Each group is given a different length of string to create a new pendulum. Lengths should vary from 25 cm to 2 m.  As before the groups will find the period of their pendulum.  This time they will graph their results on a length versus period graph. While the students are finding the period of their pendulums, hang a piece of end roll paper about 21/2 meters long on a wall and label the axes.  The vertical axis is marked off to the actual length of the pendulum.  The horizontal axis is the period marked in a convenient scale. When the students have found the period of their pendulum they should remove it from its support bar and hang it on the graph at its corresponding period.  Remind the students that the actual length of the pendulum is measured from the pivot to the center of gravity of the bob.  When using rings for bobs, the center of gravity is at the center of the ring, therefore it is important that the centers of the rings be lined up on the horizontal axis.  By using this self graphing technique, it is not necessary for the students to measure the pendulum’s length and the effect of the length of the pendulum on the period is shown quite dramatically. Once all groups have added their pendulums to the graph discuss the results.  The graph should look like a y-parabola.  If it is not obvious that it is a parabola remember that the origin is a point on the graph – zero length will havezero period.  With a marker sketch the curve on the graph.  Discuss with the students the shape of the graph and what it represents mathematically.  Hopefully they will come up with the idea that there is a direct relationship between the length and the square of the period.  (This depends on their level of math ability.)  If this relationship is not obvious, lead the students by a discussion of what needs to be done to straighten out the graph.  This approach usually gets to the idea of squaring the period.  The students should now verify these predictions by squaring their period and regraphing on the second end roll graph.  The students should transfer their pendulums from the first to the second graph.  The resulting graph should be a straight line through the origin.  At this point the class can discuss the results that the square of the period is directly proportional to the length of the pendulum.  This would be a good point to start a discussion of the equation and theory of a pendulum.

Conclusion:

This activity will take more than the usual lab period.  A good breaking point would be after finding the effect of the bob and the amplitude.  This activity can be used with elementary students up to the first graph.
Evaluation:

The student’s understanding of this material can be evaluated by having them use the graph to predict what the period of a pendulum will be for a specific length.  They can then experimentally verify their prediction.

LESSON PLAN 11                                                                                 

DISTANCE VS. DISPLACEMENT

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

LESSON PLAN 12                                                                                 

MAGNETS & MAGNETIC FIELDS

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

LESSON PLAN 13                                                                                 

METRIC SYSTEM CONVERSIONS

Class: 9

Subject: Physics

Teacher Name:

AIOU Teaching Practice II Lesson Plans 6555 Chemistry